太赫兹波计算鬼成像:原理和展望

本文立足于太赫兹波成像领域近年来备受关注的研究热点—太赫兹波计算鬼成像,首先回顾了鬼成像从量子到经典再到计算的历史过程,然后阐述了计算鬼成像的数学原理,随后综述了计算鬼成像在太赫兹波段的发展历程,及其在超衍射分辨成像、石墨烯光电导成像、太赫兹光谱成像等方面的应用,并在最后展望了太赫兹波计算鬼成像的发展前景:计算鬼成像作为一种成像手段,可以绕开在太赫兹频段缺乏经济高效的焦面阵列式探测器的难题,但目前的成像帧率还难以满足快速成像的应用需求,相信在未来随着器件性能的提升和成像算法的优化,其成像帧率可以得到大幅提升。     

印度洋海盆沉积物中稀土的赋存状态及其浸出研究

印度洋海盆沉积物作为重要的稀土资源，已成为保障我国稀土供应的重要途径。为探究利用印度洋海盆沉积物提取稀土的可行性，通过激光粒度分析、化学物相分析、SEM分析等考察了某印度洋海盆沉积 物中稀土元素赋存状态，并采用硫酸为浸出剂，研究硫酸浓度、液固比、浸出温度及时间对稀土浸出率的影响，对最佳条件下获得的浸出液通过氨水中和沉淀净化。结果表明：①沉积物颗粒极细，体积平均粒径仅 4.47 μm，其主要矿物组成为黏土、锰氧化物、石英、长石、云母、绿泥石和石盐，其中稀土主要赋存于磷灰石中，占总稀土比例达73.10%；②在硫酸浓度2 mol/L，液固比7∶1，浸出温度55 ℃，浸出时间120 min的 最佳条件下，主要稀土元素La、Ce、Nd和Y的浸出率分别为80.57%，66.33%，88.42%和93.25%，高价值的重稀土Gd、Dy和Er浸出率分别为92.63%、55.30%和93.17%。③稀土浸出液成分复杂，且稀土含量偏低，仅有100 mg/L左右，采用氨水调节pH值至5.14，可有效去除Al和Fe，但稀土损失率也达到了30.85%。该研究结果对进一步开发利用深海稀土资源具有重要意义。     

Investigation on milling force of thin-walled workpiece considering dynamic characteristics of workpiece

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - The idea of integral calculus is used in traditional milling force prediction methods. In the traditional method, the milling cutter is divided into...     

A quarter century of wine pigment discovery

The red grape berry pigments, anthocyanins, were characterized in the early 20th century, but investigations of wine pigments were stymied during that era. The question of their identity was a major challenge for wine chemists. A number of techniques showed that the pigments were polymeric in nature. Some structures were postulated by mid-century based on reactions between anthocyanins and condensed tannin, and later postulated wine pigments were observed in model reactions. Some related compounds were then observed in wine. By the end of the 20th century, the ionization of non-volatiles for mass spectrometry opened the door to these compounds. In addition, a new class of compounds was observed, the pyranoanthocyanins, a product of fermentation and aging metabolites with anthocyanins. These compounds possess the pigment stability to SO₂ and pH change that is characteristic of aged red wine. Aging experiments show a dynamic situation with shifts in the population of pigment classes over time. The very large number of diverse pigments explains why it has been so difficult to answer the century-old question of the structure of wine pigments. Our current understanding is founded on the use of mass spectral analysis using electrospray and related ionization techniques over the last 25 years. Future progress will rely on more sophisticated analysis of this very complex mixture of substances. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

面向过程装备工程师培养的O2O课程体系构建

过程装备与控制工程专业的人才培养方案及课程体系可以划分为线上和线下两块。线上课程侧重于新知识传授,有助于学生开阔眼界,活跃思维,启迪智慧;线下课程侧重于基本知识传授,有助于学生夯实专业基础,培养专业素养,锻炼工程技能。研究线上和线下课程的主辅关系及交互模式,形成具有鲜明流程工业装备特征的“线上+线下”一体化课程群,建立培养效果(达成度)的评价方法与持续改进机制,有利于培养掌握综合知识、善于设计计算、了解制造检验的优秀过程装备工程师。     

基于壳聚糖多孔碳的制备及电容性能研究

以壳聚糖为碳源和氮源,采用预碳化处理和KOH活化两步法制备了壳聚糖多孔碳材料,考察了活化剂KOH用量对电极材料形貌、结构以及电容性能的影响。结果表明:当KOH与预碳化壳聚糖质量比为0.6∶1时,制备的多孔碳材料KOH-CTS-0.6具有最优的电化学性能。KOH-CTS-0.6具有大比表面积(1 348 m~2·g~(-1)),含有丰富的N、O元素(2.9%N和7.4%O)。在电流密度为0.5 A·g~(-1)时,KOH-CTS-0.6的比电容为235.2 F·g~(-1),显示出优秀的倍率能力;在电流密度为10 A·g~(-1)的大电流时,其比电容依然高达178.6 F·g~(-1)。此外,该材料还具有良好的循环稳定性,500次循环后比电容保持率为94%。     

Comparative studies on thermal and toughness properties of polybenzoxazine composites with two functionalized graphene oxides

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by polyether amine (PEA) via two methods which were one-pot modification in acetone (GON) and two steps with the intermediate product of GOCO-Cl generated (GONS). There were more PEA successfully grafted onto GO for GONS than GON. The onset polymerization temperatures of the benzoxazine (Bz) composites decreased by the inclusion of 1?wt% of GO, GON or GONS. Thermal stability of the polybenzoxazine (PBz) composites was significantly improved indicated from the increase of weight loss temperature. T₁₀, T₂₀ and T₅₀ values of the composites with GONS were higher than that of the others. Toughness of PBzs may be enhanced by the incorporation of nanofillers, and GONS had stronger interfacial interaction with PBz matrix than GON.